Window glazing is the main exchange medium of light and heat between outdoor and indoor spaces and needs to adapt to ambient changes for the attainment of low-carbon buildings and vehicles and for the creation of a health and comfortable environment. Electrochromic (EC) windows provide an energy-efficient pathway to dynamically modulate the light transmission for on-demand thermal management; however, they are rarely used because existing technology has difficulty achieving stable, solar-spectral, and net-zero-transmittance modulation at an agreeable cost. Herein, dynamic aggregation-reinforced plasmonics is proposed for polyoxometalate (POM) clusters suspended in an all-in-one EC device. Multiple electron transfer of clusters at the electrode interface causes a metallic state transition and intercluster aggregation, enabling plasmon-augmented NIR absorption and solar-spectral deep tint down to 1.4%. Using space confinement of the polar polymer matrix, the uncontrollable growth of large-sized aggregates is suppressed and provides 90.3% optical modulation after 50,000 cycles. As a result, large-area glazing (>900 cm²) can be developed with significant solar-spectral modulation and cycling stability over 10,000 cycles, which shows high competitiveness in practical commercial applications.

Electrochromic windows,polyoxometalate cluster,all-in-one device,dynamic aggregation,plasmonics,solar-spectral modulation